The "Important Project of Common European Interest" (IPCEI) launched in July 2020 for the hydrogen sector underlines the ability of the European Union to mobilize around a strategic issue and to overcome its traditional reluctance to provide public support to the industry in the context of international competition, where competitors - especially Asian competitors - have no hesitation in resorting to public subsidies. But it also highlights the difficulties, as Christophe Schramm points out, to coordinate and ensure the coherence of a truly continent-wide industrial policy.